1Kerut Ek, Norfleet WT, Plotnick GD, et al. Patent foramen ovale : a review of associated conditions and the impact of physiological size[J]. J Am collCardiol, 2001,38 : 613-623.
2Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 1984, 59:17-20.
3de Belder MA, Tourikis L, Leech G,et al. Risk of patent foramen ovale for thromboembolic events in all age groups[J]. Am J Cardiol, 1992,69 : 1 316 - 1 320.
4Steiner MM,Di Tullio MR, Rundek T, et al. Patent foramen ovale size and embolic brain imaging findings among patients with ischemic[J]. Stroke, 1998,29 : 944-948.
5Danies C, wytjens C, Cosns B, et al. Second hamonic transthoacic echocadiogaphy: the new reference screening method for the detection of patent foramen ovale [J]. Eur J echocardiogr, 2004,5 (6) : 449 - 452.
6Schneider B, Zienkiewicz T, Jansen V, et al. Diagnosis of atent foramen ovale by tranesophageal echocardiography and coelation with autopsy findings[J]. Am J Cardiol, 1996,77 (14):1 202-1 209.
7Brochet E, Habib G. Intracardiac echocardiography during percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale[J]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss,2005,98(3):25-28.
8Homma S, Sacco RL, di Tullio MR, et al. Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: patent foramen ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke Study[J]. Circulation, 2002,105(22) :2 625-2 631.
9Overell, JR, Bone I, Lees KR. Interatrial septal abnormalities ans stroke: a metaanalysis of case-control studies [J]. Neurology,2000,55:1 172-1 179.
10Lecha P, Mas JL, Lascault G, et al. revalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with sroke[J]. N Engl J Med,1998,318: 1 148-1 152.
2Handke M,Harloff A,Olschewski M,et al.Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke in older patent.N Engl J Med,2007,357(29):2262-2268.
3Cramer SC,Rordoff G,Maki JH,et al.Increased pelvicvein thrombi in cryp togenic stroke:results of the Paradox-ical Emboli from Large Veins in Ischemic Stroke(PELV IS) study.Stroke,2004.35:46-50.
4Carcagni A,Di Sciascio G.Echocardiography in patent foramen ovale.Ital Cadiol(Rame),2006,7 (8):516-522.
5Connolly SJ,Polue J,Hart RG,et al.The ACTIVE Investigators.N Engl J Med,2009,360.
6Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwands WD. Incidence and size of patene fora- men ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopy study of 965 nor- mal hearts. Mayo Clinproe, 1984,59 : 17-20.
7Hara H, Vimanio R, Ladich E, et al. Patent foramen ovale : current pathol- ogy, pathophysiology and clinical status. J am Coll Cardiol, 2005,46 : 1768-1776.
8Webster MN, Chancellor AM, Smith H J, et al. Patent foramen ovale in young stoke patients. Lancet, 1988,8601 : 11-12.
9Cruz-Jonzalez I, Solis J,Znglessis-Azuaje I, et al. Patent Foramen ovalve : Current state of the art. REV ESP Cardiol,2008,61:738-751.