云南省家野两型疫源地七种主要蚤类传播鼠疫的实验研究

A Study on the Transmission of Plague Though Seven Kinds of Fleas in Rat Type and Wild Rodent Type Plague Foci in Yunnan

用动物模型及膜饲养方法对云南家、野两型鼠疫疫源地的七种蚤进行了传播鼠疫多项指标（感染率、菌栓形成率、媒介效能等八项）的全面研究，并以完全量化和数据来界定其媒介地位、媒介作用。结果表明：印鼠客蚤、特新蚤分别是家、野疫源地的主要媒介；人蚤是云南人间鼠疫的重要媒介。报道了印鼠客蚤、特新蚤能形成两次性菌栓；人蚤、特新蚤、棕形额蚤、不等单蚤的媒介效能和媒介指数；七种蚤对人的嗜血性及生存期限；从媒介角度揭示家鼠疫源地的稳定性和顽固性，推断疫源地从静止到复燃的原因；还修正了缓慢细蚤的媒介地位；在野鼠鼠疫疫源中否定了方叶栉眼蚤起主要媒介的作用。

In order to assess vector position and vector action of seven kinds of fleas in the rat type and weild rodent type plague foci in Yunnan,we studied the indices as:infection rate, rate of feed bacterial emboli,colony transmission vector efficiency,life span,bloodthirsty to human,body weight,quantity of blood sucking,rate of dissociation by using animal model and raise film method. The results showed that Xenopsylla cheopis and Neopsylla specialis specialis were the main vectors of two type plague foci. Pulex irritans was an important vector of human plague in Yunnan. This paper reported that Xenopsylla cheopis and Neopsylla special special could twice form bacterial emboli ,and with other information about vector efficiency, Index of Pulex irritans, Neopsylla special special, Frontopsylla spadix, Monopsyllus anisus, rate of bloodthirsty to human and life span of seven kinds of fleas.Reason from quiescence to resuscitate was also deduced and the vector position of Leptopsylla segnis was revised. The vector action of main vector for Ctenophalmus quadratus was negated which proved that Apodemus chevrieri was the main reservoirs in these plague foci.