中国2004～2006年流行性脑脊髓膜炎死亡病例流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristic the Meningococcal Meningitis Death Cases in China During 2004-2006

目的分析中国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）2004～2006年流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）死亡病例的流行病学特征，为探索减少流脑病例死亡的措施及确定流脑预防控制重点提供依据。方法利用法定传染病报告系统的资料，对流脑病例死亡情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果中国2004～2006年流脑年均死亡率为0．0135／10万，总病死率为7．88％。流脑死亡病例主要集中在安徽、贵州、浙江、辽宁、四川等省；以〈5岁儿童为主；婴幼儿和老龄人群病死率较高。聚集性疫情死亡病例以散居儿童和学生为主。结论中国2004～2006年流脑报告死亡率呈逐年下降趋势，表明流脑预防控制取得显著成效。儿童和学生均是流脑的主要高危人群，是预防控制的重点。病死率上升原因有待进一步调查研究。

Objective To provide the epidemiological evidence and warrant for exploring measure to reduce death cases and determin the priority of meningococcal meningitis control and prevention by analysing the epidemic situation and distribution characteristic of Meningococcal meningi- tis death cases in China（exclude HongKong and Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Region）during 1997～2006. Methods Adopted description epidemiological method to analyze the data from National Notifiable Diseases Registry System （NNDRS）during 2004～2006. Resuits The annal average mortality of meningococcal meningitis was 0. 0135/100 000,total fatality was 7.88% During 2004 ～2006. The death cases concentrated in Anhui, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Liaoning,Sichuan Provinces. Death cases were concentrated in children under 5 years old; the fatality was higher in infant and eldly population. Conclusion The results show that the reported mortality of Meningococcal meningitis has gradually decreased year by year,which indicates that the effectiveness of the disease prevention and control has achieved. Both of Children and students are the high risk population and the priority of control and prevention. It need to conduct furth study to explaining the reason of fatality increasing.