行为转变理论促进实习护生手卫生的效果研究

Effect of trans-theoretical model of behavior to promote nursing students' hand hygiene

目的促进实习护生(简称护生)手卫生行为。方法运用行为转变理论对2007年182名护生进行了手卫生促进研究。依据该理论不同阶段的行为转变策略,制订干预计划。在意图期和准备期以问卷、现场观察和手部细菌培养了解护生手卫生认知、行为和手卫生状况,找准薄弱环节。以《手卫生行为自评问卷》让护生自评促进内审;准备期提供规范化和针对性的手卫生培训;准备期和行动期提供含醇擦手剂部分替代洗手的环境支持;行动期和维持期持续督促和及时反馈等。一系列连续、渐进的干预促进护生手卫生行为转变。结果比较护生干预前后手卫生认知、行为自评、现场执行情况和手卫生状况,干预后护生手卫生认知、行为自评、现场执行率、正确洗手率和手卫生状况监测合格率均提高,且从认知到行为转变没有递减;克服了"知而不信""信而不行"。结论运用行为转变理论能改善实习护生手卫生状况。

Objective To promote nursing students＇ hand hygiene. Methods Trans-theoretical model was used to intervene 182 nursing students. Establishing intervention program according to strategy of behavioral change in different stages of the theory. A series of continuous and progressive intervention program was implemented to promote nursing students＇ behavior of hand hygiene. Nursing students＇ hand hygiene knowledge,self-evaluation of behavior,correct rate of handwashing were surveyed before and after intervention. Results After intervention,nursing students＇ hand hygiene knowledge level,self-evaluation of behavior,correct rate of handwashing had increased remarkably. Conclusions Applying trans-theoretieal model of behavior could promote nursing students＇ hand hygiene.