红树林对水体净化作用研究进展

Research advance of purification effects of mangroves on water column

红树是一类生长在热带及亚热带海岸潮间带的湿地植物,具有净化水体的功能。近年来红树林净化水体方面的研究有不少进展,主要包括促进水体中悬浮物的沉降,利用其丰富的底栖生物对有机物的吸附和降解,以及其植株和底泥对重金属和营养盐的富集和吸收。但是红树林的净化容量是有限的,超负荷的污水排放会导致明显的或潜在的生态风险。在实际应用中,只有在充分的监控和限制条件下,才可有限地将红树林作为生活污水排放地。该研究的发展方向主要有污染物迁移转化过程中各因素的相互作用、红树林的对环境的综合改善能力以及实际应用中对生态风险的量化分析和监测等几方面。

Mangroves, the characteristic littoral wetland plant formations of tropical and subtropical sheltered coastlines, have the purification effects on water column. Research on the purification effects of mangroves has developed rapidly in recent years, including enhancing the deposition of suspended solids, degrading organics by its abundant benthos, enriching heavy metals and absorbing nutrients by their plants and sediment. But overload effluent of sewage will induce obvious or potential ecological hazards due to the limit of purifying capacity. A conclusion has been drawn that the mangrove forests are not suitable to be utilized as sewage treatment pool unless sufficient observation and some other measurements are adopted. The development trends of this field include some aspects such as the interactions among factors in transferring and transforming process of pollutants, improving ability of mangrove to the environment and quantity analysis and .monitoring to ecological hazards in the application of this purification technique.