综合性医院急性中毒病人的临床特点

PATTERN OF ACUTE POISONED PATIENTS AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

目的：评价到综合性医院就诊的急性中毒病人群体的特点。方法：采用前瞻性研究方法，利用研究者设计的急性中毒病人调查表，对在一年研究时间中到中国医科大学第一临床学院就诊的所有急性中毒病人进行分析。结果：一年中共收集急性中毒698例，占同期急诊病人的3％。镇静催眠药中毒最为常见（28％）；一氧化碳中毒居第二位（19％）；食物中毒与杀虫剂中毒并列第三位（均占5．5％）。毒物进入人体最常见的途径是经消化道摄入（71％）。12％病人需住院治疗，2．4％病人死亡。结论：本研究结果为广大临床医生提供了有关综合性医院常见中毒特点的基本资料。

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of acute poisoned patient population at a university hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine (ED), China Medical University and all poisoning cases presenting to the ED were included during one year. Data collection forms were designed and placed in the ED. Data were analysed for all poisoned patients presenting during the study period. Results: 698 poisoning patients were collected in this study. Sedative/hypnotic agents (28% ) were involved most commonly. The second most frequent toxicologic emergency was carbon monoxide poisoning (19%). Food poisoning were the third common causes of posionings (5. 5% ) as well as pesticide poisoning. The most common route of exposure was ingestion (71% ). Twelve percent of the patients were admitted and 2. 4 % died. Conclusiou: This epidemiological report of acute poisoning from a university hospital offers emergency physicians and toxicologists a preliminary understanding of the most common toxicologic problems seen in a university hospital.