主机数字调速器的研究与实现

Research and Realization of PID+ Digital Speed Regulator for Main Engine

为了提高船舶主机的稳定性和操纵性,进行了主机调速系统动态特性和控制算法的研究,在此基础上进一步综合分析了远洋船舶主机在恶劣海况、频繁启停下调速的一些问题。为此,设计了PID+数字调速器,将船舶主机调速系统的性能要求转化为复合PID控制问题。PID+具有非线性、微分先行、变速积分、步进式给定、变死区、抗饱和、滤波和重复控制补偿的功能。物理仿真结果表明,PID+调速器能有效提高系统的动态精度和抑制扰动的能力,改善主机转速的稳定性。PID+将人-机特性应用于主机调速具有重要意义。

In order to improve stability and operation of main engine （ME）, the dynamic characteristics and control algorithm of ME speed regulation system are researched, and it is pointed that ocean ship ME speed regulating has some troubles under the conditions of heavy sea and frequent starting/ stopping of ME. A new PID＋ digital speed regulator is then designed, which can transform the performance requirements of ME speed regulating system into hybrid PID control problem. PID＋ has the functions of nonlinearity, differential first, changing rate integral, step by step setting point, changing dead band, anti-saturation, filtering and repeating control compensation. Physical simulation shows that PID ＋ speed regulator can effectively improve the dynamic precision and the anti-load disturbance ability of ME speed regulating system so as to enhance the speed stability of ME. That PID＋ ME speed regulator applies engineer-machine characteristics in ME speed regulation is of great significance.