女性旅游安全研究进展与启示

DEVELOPMENT AND INSPIRATION ABOUT SECURITY OF FEMALE TOURISTS

随着女性旅游市场的发展,女性旅游者安全问题日益明显。但目前针对这方面的研究还很有限,从世界范围看,世界各国和地区的女性旅游研究普遍存在着理论创新落后于现实发展的状况,女性旅游安全研究更是如此;从国内看,我国关于女性旅游安全研究几近空白,然而相关媒体对女性旅游安全事故的报道却屡见报端;从国外研究现状看,目前针对女性旅游安全研究的文章主要集中在旅游安全感知、风险认知、女性性旅游中的不安全行为、孕妇旅游安全的保障和风险等角度。因此,总体来讲,国内外学者对女性旅游安全研究尚处于初级阶段,研究深度和广度有待扩展和加强。本文在搜集国内外相关资料的基础上,对近20多年来的研究成果进行了梳理、归类和总结,从女性旅游者的心理不安全感、不安全旅游行为、安全事故、安全预防四个方面对相关文献进行了分析、研究和评述,并针对目前的研究现状对女性旅游安全研究的趋势和必要性进行了预测和分析,旨在进一步丰富旅游安全的理论内容,并为女性旅游安全问题的后续研究提供建议和参考。

Women began travelling at a time as early as the origin of travel. Because of the traditional male-oriented social value and the small proportion of women tourists in the market, the researchers had not pay any attention to them until 1980s when women became the main part of the tourists market. Nowadays, women become great contributors both to economy and society, therefore, they become more and more independent in economy, their social status also increases, meanwhile the family structure changes a lot . These issues all make women have more spare tome to realise and satisfy themselves in spirit, material, culture and so on. Then, travel began to play an important role in their lives, they are not the atendance of their husbands or their families during travel any more, they have their own travel motivations and expectations and plans, women even began travelling by themselves, such as the women in the European, American, or some Aisan countries. solo woman tourists from Japan, South Krean and Taiwan has become the main target market of the travel worldwide agencies. With the rapid development and expansion of women tourist market, women tourists＇ safety and security issue has become more and more apparent and urgent. But the study in this field is very limited. First of all, there exists such a worldwide phenomenon in tourism related studies that the theoretical creativity in this field lags much behind the practical market development in most countries, especially the study ON safety and security of female tourists; secondly, there are very limited literatures about female tourists safety and security both in the formal statictics and academic researches, but many reports from media about female tousists accidents, such as the news from internet, television, broadcast, newspaper or other media ; thirdly, literatures from other countries about this issue are mainly about safety perception, risk cognization, unsafe female behaviors in sex tourism, and protection and risk about pregnant women tourists and so on , which cover a conparatively narrow and shalow scale in this field. Accordingly, the study is only at the primary or preparatory stage, its study depth and width needs to be further strengthened. This paper collects relative materials about this topic both in English and Chinese writen in the past 20 years. Based on this, it teases, categorizes, and summarizes all the materials, and then studies and commendates them from four aspects, such as mental unsafety perception, unsafe behavior, accidents and protection, and it also estimates the developing trend and necessity of the study on female tourist safey, with the wish for that it can enrich the theory about safety and give adivice about the follow-up study.