物体空间关系的二语表达及其发展过程

The expression of spatial relationship of entities in Chinese as a second language and its development

本文通过初、中、高不同水平留学生对四幅图片的描述,考察分析了物体空间关系的二语表达及其发展过程,发现留学生集中使用了6个句式,不同习得阶段各句式还有不同的语义分工。受联系项居中原则的影响,遗漏方位词的偏误在某些句式中频现而在某些句式中却很少见。初级留学生常借助“在”来增强处所表达的定位性,喜欢在句首处所前加“在”。从纵向来看,留学生物体空间关系的表达经历了一个“贫乏表达→句式发展→功能竞争和分化→分工明确”的发展与分化过程。本文还讨论了留学生的使用情况与各句式历史发展顺序的相关问题。

Based on the picture-description data, this paper examines and analyzes the expressions of spatial relationship of entities and their development displayed by learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL).This research finds that: 1) CSL learners focused on 6 constructions of space expressions; In different learning stages, the functions of constructions they use are different; 2) by the effect of principle of relator in middle, omitting localizers is obvious in some constructions but not obvious in others; 3) at the elementary level, CSL learners usually put 'zài'(在) at the beginning of location; 4) The CSL learners experienced a process of 'sparse expression→construction developing→function competing→definite distribution' to develop their expression of spatial relationship of entities. Finally we discuss some questions concerning the sequence of acquisition of Chinese sentence patterns.