汉语双主语构式的认知语法观

Chinese Double-subject Construction in Cognitive Grammar

汉语句子的句首有时会出现两个名词短语NP1和NP2作"主语",这种现象传统上称为"双主语构式"。双主语构式在许多语言中都存在,但由于它在许多语言学理论中的不可预测性和难以解决的问题,对它的研究并没有引起足够的重视。本文在认知语法的框架下,提出汉语双主语构式是一种参照点结构,NP1为整个小句的参照点,NP2是内在小句的主语。该结构最初来源于"不可让予的领属关系",NP1是领属者,NP2为被领属者,身体部分关系则是这一关系中的典型。

In Chinese, sometimes two noun phrases NP1 and NP2 can occur in the initial position of a sentence. Such phenomena are traditionally called double-subject construction. They are usual in the world＇ s languages, but they have not received enough attention because they are unexpected and pematic in most linguistic theories. Within the framework of cognitive grammar, this paper adduces that double-subject constructions are a kind of reference-point constructions in which NP1 is the reference point of the full clause and NP2 is the subject of the inner clause. They originally derive from ＂inalienable possession＂, in which NP1 is the possessor while NP2 is the possessed, and body part relationships are its prototype.