四川省小麦条锈病流行区划及菌源传播路径分析

Epidemic zones and dispersal routes of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis West.in Sichuan

四川省是我国小麦条锈病菌Puccinia striiformis Westend f.sp.triticiEriks的菌源地和常发区,近10年秋苗病害始见期提前、流行期加长、危害损失呈上升趋势。在实地调查基础上,利用GIS技术对全省132个小麦主产县(市、区)1987—2006年小麦条锈病发生情况进行系统分析。结果表明,四川省小麦条锈病流行区域可划分为川西北越夏区、川西南越夏及冬繁区、盆地冬繁区和川东南春季流行区。GIS软件分析发现病菌孢子在四川盆地内的传播路径为沿岷江、涪江、沱江和嘉陵江等4条河流自北向南、自西向东传播。

Sichuan, where wheat stripe rust occurs frequently, is considered as the inoculum sources of Puccinia striiformis West. in autumn. The time for disease emergence on the autumn-sown wheat seedling have become earlier than ten years ago and longer epidemic period and higher severity of the disease have been observed in the whole seasons of wheat growing. Great efforts have been paid to the epidemiological survey of the disease in Sichuan in the past 20 years and the data were collected from 132 counties and analyzed using GIS technology in order to reveal the epidemic characters of the disease and dispersal routes of the pathogen. The results indicated that Sichuan could be divided into four epidemic zones of wheat stripe rust on the basis of the ecological conditions, climate characters, disease occurrence and spreading as well as the systems of wheat production, i.e. , over-summer area in northwestern Sichuan, over-summer and winter-reproductive area in southwestern Sichuan, winter-reproductive area in Sichuan Basin and spring epidemic area in southeastern Sichuan. Pathogen inoculum of stripe rust could be spread by four dispersal ways along Min River, Fu River, Tuo River and Jialing River in the direction from north to south and from west to east in Sichuan Province.