五脏配五行原理溯源

Mechanism of Attribution of Five Zang Organs to Five Elements

古文《尚书》说是以五脏解剖位置与五行所属方位相比拟而来;今文《尚书》说则是以五脏与五行各自阴阳属性相互匹配的结果,即五行的阴阳属性是火为太阳,木为少阳,金为少阴,水为太阴;而五脏的阴阳属性,则是心为阳中之太阳,肝为阴中之少阳;肺为阳中之少阴,肾为阴中之太阴。要想使二者的阴阳属性相符合自然应当是心属火,肝属木,肺属金,肾属水。"土"于五行居于"中",较之东与西、南与北可以两两相比来说,"土"之属阴可视为一个特例,而脾为阴同样也是一个特例,故脾配土。

The attribution of five zang organs to Five Elements came from the anatomical locations of the five zang organs and the locations corresponding to five elements in the ancient language Shang Shu, while that in modem language Shang Shu, from the correspondence of the yin-yang nature of five zang organs and five elements. In five elements theory, fire corresponds to taiyang, wood to shaoyang, metal to shaoyin, water to taiyin, whereas in five zang organs, the heart is the taiyang within yang, the liver is the shaoyang within yin, the lung is the shaoyin within yang, the kidney is the taiyin within yin. Thus it has to be that the heart belongs to fire, the liver to wood, the lung to metal, and the kidney to water so that the five zang organs and the five elements can match with each other in their yin-yang natures. Earth corresponds to center in locations, and unlike other locations, center does not have an opposite location to match. That the Spleen belongs to yin is also a case like the earth, so it corresponds to earth in five elements.