论词义的透明度

On the Transparency of Lexical Meaning

词义的透明度,指词义可从构成要素的意义上推知的难易度。从透明到隐晦,词义透明度大致可分四个梯级:(1)完全透明:词义基本上可从构成要素的意义上得出;(2)比较透明:构成要素是词义的示意图;(3)比较隐晦:部分构成要素基本上不具有词义示意作用。(4)完全隐晦:所有构成要素均不大具有词义示意作用。词义透明度递减的过程即是语义词化递增的过程。语义词化与结构词化,二者虽不同步但却相辅相成。

This paper discusses the transparency of lexical meaning, which indicates the scale difference of how easily the whole meaning can be deduced from the part meaning. There are four levels： （1） absolute transparent： the meaning of words can be deduced from the meaning of elements; （2） relatively transparent： elements form a map which show the meaning of words; （3） relatively obscure： part of elements lose the function of hinting the meaning of words; （4） absolute obscure： all elements lose such a function of hinting the meaning of words. The descending process of the transparency of lexical meaning is the increasing process of semantic lexicalization, which is consistent with structural lexicalization by and large.