双瓮漏斗厕所粪液无害化特性参数的调查研究

Investigation and Study on the Characteristic Parameters of Soak of Feces in Double urn Latrine with Funnel shaped Pan

为探讨粪便无害化处理前后粪液特性参数的变化情况，进一步指导农村改厕管粪工作。作者通过对河南省大面积改厕工作中推广的双瓮厕所粪液的ｐＨ值、比重、温度、水分、总固体、有机性固体、ＣＯＤＣｒ、ＢＯＤ５、肥料成分、粪尿实际入厕量等基本参数进行了系统的调查研究，结果表明：粪尿实际入厕量平均每人每天１．１１升，新鲜粪尿可在前瓮储存６６天；粪液呈弱碱性；通过常温发酵分解，总固体、ＣＯＤＣｒ、ＢＯＤ５分别下降８１．６６％、７６．３５％和６５．１７％；同一样品的ＣＯＤＣｒ值与ＢＯＤ５值之间存在着密切联系（ｒ＝０．８５０ｒ０．００１３６，Ｐ＜０．００１）；保氮效果为７０％，后瓮粪液中氨氮含量占全氮的９３．６２％，可迅速被植物吸收利用。同时对河南省目前改厕质量也作了卫生评价。

An investigation was carried out on some basic parameters such as pH,specific gravity,temperature,water content,general content of solid,organic solid content,COD Cr ,BOD 5,composition of fertilizer and actural input of feces and urine in every day in the double arn latrine which was popularized widely in the improvement of latrine in Htenan Province,in order to find out the dynanuic changes of these indexes before and after non hazardous treatment on feces,and to instruct the improvement of latrine and management of night soil in rural areas,the quality of inprovement of latrine was also evaluated.The results showed that the actual input of night soil into the latrine was 1 11 Lper.day per person.The fresh feces stayed in the front urn for about 66 days:Soak of feces showed light alkalinity.After fermentation and catabolism,the content of solid,COD Cr and BOD 5 decreased 81.66%,76.35% and 65.17% respectively.COD Cr and BOD 5 were closely correlated in a same sample,( r=0.850>r 0 001 36 ,P<0 001 ) .The rate of retaining nitrogen was 70%.Ammoniat nitrogen content in the soak of feces of post uln made 93.62% of the total nitrogen,it could be absorbed and utilized by plant rapidly.