冬春性小麦杂交后代在南北两地性状遗传规律的研究

Study on Inheritance Regularities of Hybrids of Winter/Spring Wheat Grown in Both South and North Areas

研究结果表明(1)南北两地冬、春性杂种一代幼苗习性表现春性为显性或部分显性(典型春/冬组合);二代分离,春性或弱冬性(春/冬组合)占大多数。2)利用广州生态条件选育早熟、丰产、穗重型的冬春杂交品种有很大潜力。3)据相对遗传进度(△G′)的估算:广州的春/春型后代,抽穗期、百粒重,特别是穗粒重的选择潜力大于春/半冬型或春/冬型;而有效穗数、穗粒数、单林粒重等性状则春/半冬、春/冬型大于舂/春类型,且其不孕小穗平均值及△G′数值均较高。因此,春/半冬型应注意选择抽穗早、小穗结实率高的单株后代。郑州春/半冬(或春/冬)型材料的选择关键,是在保证单株粒重的基础上,协调粒数与粒重的矛盾,适当增大千粒重。4)按组合检定指数分析,广州以配制地理边缘的春/春组合为主,根据华南生育特点选用春/半冬优良组合材料。郑州以配制春/半冬或春/冬组合为主,利用春/春型早熟、粒大特点,丰富遗传基础,提高选择机率。

1) The inheritance expression of the F_1 seedling of the hybrid of winter—spring wheat is that springness is dominant and partially dominant and the F_2 seedling is segregative with springness or winterness (spring/winter combination) constituting the majority. 2) Great potentiality of developing the varieties of hybridization of winter—spring wheat with earlier mature, higher yielding and heavy—headed type can be tapped in Guangzhou areas. 3) According to the estimate from the relative genetic advance (△G') > Guangzhou's offsprings of spring/spring type have a greater selective potentiality in heading period, in 100 grain weight and especially in grain weight than those of spring/half winter or spring/winter type, while the properties of the number of effective heads per plant, the number of grains per plant, the weight of grains per plant, etc. of the latter types are better than those of the former. It is better to select the single plant of earlier heading, earlier elongation and higher settine percentage as the offspring for the spring/half winter type. To select the material for Zhengzhou areas' spring/half winter (or spring/ winter) combination, emphasis must be placed on the basis of the single—planted grain weight, on the compromise of the contradiction between grain weight and grain number and on the appropriate increase in the weight of 1000 grains.4) Guangzhou areas are suitable for developing the spring/spring combination of geographical distance and the excellent combination material of springness/half —winterness can also be adopted. The combination of springness/half—winterness or springness/winterness are suitable to Zhengzhou areas.