氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血氨和尿酸的影响研究

Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on Growth Performance,Plasma Ammonia and Uric Acid in Broilers

为探讨氨气对肉鸡生产性能、血氨和尿酸的影响,选择240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,分别饲养在4个独立的、环境可控制的实验舱内。4个环控仓氨气浓度设计如下:0～3周龄分别为0、13、26和52mg/kg;4～6周龄分别调整为0、20、40和80mg/kg。结果:氨气对0～3周龄肉鸡的ADG、ADFI、死亡率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但52mg/kg氨气组可显著降低饲料转化效率(P<0.05);在4～6周龄,80mg/kg氨气组可显著降低肉鸡的ADG和ADFI(P<0.05)。料肉比和死亡率随氨气浓度的提高有上升趋势,但差异不显著。血氨浓度随着环境中氨气浓度的增加而逐渐升高,但氨气浓度对血清尿酸无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验显示,肉鸡在0～3周龄舍内氨气浓度应不超过13mg/kg,在4～6周龄应不超过20mg/kg。

Two hundred and forty commercial AA male broilers at 1 day age were randomly allotted to four treatments to study the effect of atmospheric ammonia on growth performance,plasma ammonia and uric acid in broilers. Each treatment was placed in an separated,environmentally controlled chamber （four chambers）. Anhydrous ammonia was metered continuously into the chambers to maintain 24 h levels of 13,26,or 52 mg/kg ammonia from 0 to 3 weeks age. At 22 days age,ammonia concentration in all chambers was adjusted in turn to 20,40,or 80mg/kg and maintained until 6 weeks age. No ammonia was added to the remaining chamber to maintain 0mg/kg （the control）. The result showed that during 0-3 weeks age,although ammonia did not significantly affect ADG,ADFI or mortality （P〉0.05）,F/G of the 52mg/kg levels was increased significantly （P〈0.05） compared with the control. During 4-6 weeks age,80 mg/kg ammonia concentration significantly decreased ADG and ADFI （P〈0.05）. Although ammonia concentration had no significant effect on FCR or mortality （P〉0.05）,there was an increased trend for FCR and mortality with the increased levels of ammonia concentration during 4 to 6 weeks age. High levels of ammonia could significantly increase plasma ammonia. However, plasma uric acid was unaffected by ammonia. Therefore,the results suggested that atmospheric ammonia had a negative effect on the performance of broilers. Taking into account of the ammonia concentration and growth performance,the suitable ammonia concentration should be under 13 mg/kg during 0 to 3 weeks age and under 20 mg/kg during 4 to 6 weeks age for broiler production and health.