太湖富营养化现状、趋势及其综合整治对策

The Current Eutrophication Status and Trend of Lake Taihu and Its Comprehensive Control Countermeasure

在1994～1995年太湖9次富营养化现状调查基础上,评价了太湖各期营养程度,并分析了35年来主要营养物含量发展趋势。结果表明,太湖营养水平处于中富向富营养过渡状态,中富面积约占全湖面积的70％以上;夏季富营养及重富营养水域出现在北部湖区的梅梁湖、五里湖和西部沿岸带,约占全湖面积的10％。30多年来湖体中形态营养元素含量有较大增长,尤其是磷增长最快,使氮磷比下降。太湖水源地梅梁湖营养程度由1981年的中富上升到1994年的富营养,13年增加一个营养级别,发展趋势以近年尤为明显。文章还提出了太湖富营养化综合整治的若干建议措施,包括流域污染源控制,沿湖岸和湖内的综合治理,水利设施优化调度,引江济太工程和水质保护管理与法制建设等。

Based on nine-time investigation of current eutrophication status of Lake Taihu during 1994 - 1995, this paper evaluated the trophic levels in the different periods and analyzed the development of the main nutrient content in the nearest 35 years. The results showed that the trophic level of Lake Taihu was in the transition state, from meso-eutrophic to eutrophic, of which the meso-eutrophic made up about 70% of the total area. The eutrophic and hyper-eutrophic waters accounted for 10% or so. The limiting nutrient, P, rose most rapidly, which caused the ratio of N:P to decrease. The increase of P content is still one of the main factors giving rise to the eutrophication of Lake Taihu. Some proposals of comprehesive countermeasure for eutrophication were put forward, including pollution source control of the basin, littoral multiple management, optimal dispatch of water conservancy facilities, the project of helping Lake Taihu with diversion of Changjiang River, and as well as the setting of the water quality protection and legal system.