粮食主产区农户采用农业新技术及其影响因素的实证分析--以吉林省榆树县为例

Analysis of Farmers' Acceptance and Response to Agricultural Technologies in Main Grain Production District——A Case from Yushu County in Jilin

【目的】为粮食主产区农业新技术的普及提供参考,促进粮食生产能力的提升。【方法】采用参与性农户评估方法(PRA)对东北粮食主产区榆树县245户农户进行了分层随机抽样调查,从农业新技术的接受途径,农户主要的技术需求以及影响农户接受新技术的因素等方面进行分析。【结果】96.3%的被调查农户主要收入来源于种植业;38.4%的农户获取农业新技术主要来源是农业技术推广,64.9%的农户通过向邻居学习来获得农业技术信息;48.2%和51.4%的农户需求新型肥料和新型农机等农业新技术;90.2%的农户认为栽培粗放制约了玉米产量的提高;89.4%的农户对农技推广是很欢迎的,但有近50%的农户得不到推广服务。【结论】粮食主产区农业技术进步需要重点选育抗逆性强的高产品种,研究新型长效肥技术,研制适合单个农户的农业机械以及开发与品种配套的栽培管理模式。农业新技术的推广应注重技术的增产和增收,加大公益性技术推广服务和典型农户的示范带动。

[ Objective] The study examined the agricultural technology extension of household action. [Method] 245 farm households in the main grain producing district of Northeast China were surveyed by means of participatory rural appraisal （PRA） to determine their acceptance and response to agricultural technologies. Farmer behavior, acceptance of agricultural technologies, type of technology in current use and types required, as well as attitude to agro-technical extension were analyzed. [Result] Crop production was ranked as the main source of income by 96.3% of respondents. About 38.4% of the farmers accepted new technologies through agricultural extension mainly, and 64.9% of the farmers leam about new technologies from neighboring farmers The proportions of farm households needing maize planting technology in the future, new fertilizer and new agricultural machinery were 48.2% and 51.4%, respectively. 90.2% of the households referred extensive cultivation to the factors limiting their production. 89.4% of the farm households accepted agricultural technology extension, but 50% of the households had no access to extension services. [Conclusion] In order to improve agriculture technology in main grain producing district, new cultivars, new fertilizers, new agricultural machinery and new cultivation are demanded. To develop the agro-technical extension, more work is expected for the improvement in income and output, for construction of reasonable agricultural technology popularization mechanism, as well as for demonstration of learning agricultural technology by typical farm households.