渭北黄土高原旱地果园生草对土壤物理性质的影响

Effects of Different Herbage on Soil Quality Characteristics of Non-Irrigated Apple Orchard in Weibei Loess Plateau

【目的】研究旱地果园生草土壤物理性状的变化特征。【方法】在黄土高原旱地苹果园生草区及清耕区设立标准地,在60cm土层内分层取样,测定土壤容重、孔隙度、水稳性团聚体的含量等土壤物理性状,分析果园生草土壤物理性质的变化特征。【结果】生草降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度,提高水稳性团聚体含量,其影响主要集中在0～40cm土层;生草种类不同,对果园土壤物理性状影响存在差异,种植白三叶效果更佳;随着生草年限的增加,果园土壤物理性状愈趋改善,土壤的入渗性能和持水能力得到较大幅度的提高。【结论】长期生草有利于果园土壤物理性状的持续改善。

[Objective] The objective of this article was to study the change feature in soil quality characteristics of orchard after planting herbage. [ Method] The treatment plots were laid out in planting herbage areas and till areas of different herbage in non-irrigated apple orchard from the Weibei Loess Plateau, soil samples from different soil layers within 60 cm depth in every plot were collected. By analyzing soil samples, the changes in soil quality characteristics of the apple orchard after planting herbage were studied. [Result] Soil bulk density reduced, soil porosity increased and the content of water-stable aggregates increased after different herbage were planted. The changes in soil quality characteristics with growing different herbage in non-irrigated apple orchard were mainly in 40 cm depth soil layer. The change feature of soil quality characteristics was different in various herbage growing land, white clover was better than perennial ryegrass in improving soil quality characteristics. With the increase of years of herbage growing, soil quality characteristics of growing herbage land improved. Soil water content and soil water-holding capacity enhanced greatly. [Conclusion] Growing herbage in orchard for a long term can improve the soil properties of orchard consistantly.