类黄酮对AM真菌孢子萌发和早期生长的影响

EFFECT OF FLAVONOIDS ON SPORE GERMINATION AND PRE-SYMBIOTIC GROWTH OF AM FUNGI IN VITRO

研究了离体培养条件下Quercetin、Naringin、Rutin、Umbelliferon、Biochanin A、Zeatin Riboside、Flavanon、Apigenin、Genistein、Formononetin等10种类黄酮化合物对Gigaspora margarita和Glomus geosporum孢子萌发及菌丝发育的影响。结果表明，Quercetin、Rutin促进Gi．margarita早期发育，在0．5～8．0μmol L^-1浓度范围，Quercetin对菌丝生长、菌丝分枝及辅助细胞形成促进作用明显，菌丝长度、菌丝分枝数及辅助细胞群与对照组相比提高到2-3倍，其他类黄酮对Gi．margarita孢子早期生长无明显影响。在一定浓度条件下，Formononetin、Genistein和Naringin促进Gl．geosporum孢子萌发、菌丝生长及分枝，Apigenin、Flavanon和Naringin刺激次生孢子的形成，而Biochanin A仅促进其孢子萌发。类黄酮对AM真菌孢子发育种属差异性影响取决于类黄酮种类及其使用浓度，不同的类黄酮分别在AM真菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长及菌丝分化等不同发育事件中参与作用。研究类黄酮对AM真菌早期发育的影响机制有助于理解微生物与植物之间的相互作用。

The aim of the present work is to study effect of flavonoid on pre-symbiotic growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi cultured in vitro. Effects of flavonoid compounds （quercetin, naringin, rutin, umbelliferon, biochanin A, zeatin riboside, flavanon, apigenin, genistein and formononetin） on spore germination, hyphal growth and hyphal differenatiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita and Glomus geosporum were examined. Results show that quercetin and rutin stimulated spore germination and hyphal development of Gi. margarita, and quercetin, ranging between 0. 5 μmol L^-1 and 8 μmol L^-1, significantly promoted hyphal growth, hyphal branching and formation of clusters of auxiliary cells, increasing hyphal length, number of hyphal branches and clusters of auxiliary cells by two or three times as compared with the control group, while the other types of flavonoids showed little effect on pre-symbiotic growth of Gi. margarita. Appropriate in concentration, formononetin, genistein and naringin, stimulated had positive effect on spore germination, hyphal growth and hyphal branching of Gl. geosporum, and apigenin, flavanon and naringin did formation of secondary spores. Biochanin A merely had some stimulating effect on spore germination of Gl. Geosporum. Variation of the effect of flavonoids on development of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores depends on type and concentration of flavonoid compounds involved, and different flavonoids play different roles in promoting spore germination, hyphal growth and hyphal branching and formation of secondary spores at pre-symbiotic growth stage of the AM fungi. To study mechanism of flavonoids influencing pre-symbiotic development of AM fungi will help understand interactions between microbe and Plant.