芳香族氟化物的合成方法研究进展

Research Progress in the Synthetic Methods of Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds

人们对环保的要求越来越高,使得绿色化学成为21世纪化学发展的目标与方向。同时,未来精细化学品的发展趋势必须符合高效、安全和经济的原则。从氟原子的特殊性质出发,简述了芳香族氟化物在医药、农药和染料等领域的突出优点及广泛应用前景。详尽介绍了不同的氟化合成方法:直接氟化法、Balz-Schiemann法、无水氟化氢重氮法、电化学氟化法、卤素交换法、氟代脱硝法、超声波和微波法。针对这些方法,讨论了它们的反应原理,具体分析了各自的优缺点,并提出了对今后芳香族氟化物发展的建议。

With the requirement of environmental protection, green chemistry has become the aim and direction of development of chemistry in the 21st century. Meanwhile, the development trend of fine chemicals must accord with efficient, safe and economical principle in future. The prominent advantages and extensive application prospect of fluorinated aromatic compounds in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes are summarized from the special properties of fluorine atom. Several synthetic methods are introduced in detail, such as direct fluorination, Balz - schiemann method, HF - diazotization, electrochemical fluorination, halogen - exchange fluorination, fluoro denitration, ultrasonic and microwave methods. Their reaction mechanisms are discussed, and their advantages and shortcomings are analyzed as well. Some suggestions on the development of fluorinated aromatic compounds in future are presented.