近一个世纪中国农业经营变化之研究——基于与20世纪初期Buck资料的比较

The Change of Agricultural Economy since the 1930s in China:A comparison study based on Buck's survey

本文根据两个历史时期的农户资料的比较,对近一个世纪以来中国农业中的生产要素投入水平、农业经营状况、农户收入来源等进行了分析。与80年前相比,户均耕地面积仅为当时的30%左右,但土地生产率提高了2～3倍,农业劳动生产率提高了3倍以上,农业技术进步中的生物化学技术的应用比机械技术的作用更为显著,从农户经济的变化来看其来源趋向多元化。

Based on the comparison of the peasant households' data for two historical periods,this paper focuses on the analysis of Chinese agricultural production factors input level,operation state and peasant households income sources in this latest century.In contrast to 80 years ago,the average household and per labor force's cultivated land have been only 30% of the 1930s,the land productivity has increased by 2-3 times and agricultural labor productivity by more than 3 times.The application of the biochemistry technology has priority compared with the application of mechanism technology.In terms of peasant household economies transformation,farmers' income sources tend to be multi-variant.