三峡库区土地资源承载力现状与可持续发展对策

STATUS OF THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF LAND RESOURCE AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

三峡库区的土地资源承载力状况直接关系到三峡库区土地与人口、经济社会发展和环境保护之间的平衡关系,对于实现三峡库区经济、社会、生态的可持续发展具有重要意义。首先分析了土地资源承载力概念的发展历程。将其分为3个发展阶段:人口承载力阶段、综合承载力阶段和生态足迹阶段;并根据三峡库区的特点,设计了一个简单易行的承载力计算方法,运用最新的有关数据,对库区的耕地、森林植被以及饲草的承载力状况进行了分析。研究结果表明库区人地关系非常紧张,森林植被分布不均,而饲草供应则非常充足。最后在此基础上提出了要加强库区植被恢复,发展柑橘业、畜牧业和旅游业等传统优势产业以提高库区土地资源承载力的针对性对策。

It is very important to analyze the status of the carrying capacity of land resource,to keep balance of the economic development and environment protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In this paper a simple calculation method was designed to calculate the carrying capacity of land resources, with the latest relevant data in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The method is based on the analysis of the development process and the detailed definition of the concept of carrying capacity of land resources, which can be divided into three stages： the population carrying capacity stage, the comprehensive carrying capacity stage and the ecological footprint stage. The carrying capacity of cultivated land, forest vegetation,and the forage were calculated and analyzed with the method. The results show that the man-land relationship is inconsistent,the distribution of forest vegetation is uneven,while the forage is rich. In the end,countermeasures to improve the carrying capacity of land resource,including forest vegetating which can conserve soil and water, developing traditional industries, such as livestock cultivation, citrus planting and tourism, etc were put forward.