珠江口及邻近海域环境动态与基础生物结构初探

Basic organisms composition and environment status of the Zhujiang estuary and adjacent waters

本文着重讨论珠江口及其邻近海域水环境状况与基础生物结构特点，初步分析结果表明，珠江口营养盐丰富，无机Ｎ、Ｐ和石油类超二类海水标准，其它理化因子、有机质、基础生物量及其种群结构随季节而变化；年平均叶绿素ａ含量和初级生产力分别为４０２ｍｇ／ｍ３和３０９ｍｇ／ｍ２·ｄ（以Ｃ计，下同）；浮游生物以咸淡水种类为主，多样性指数和均匀度值在丰水期和枯水期有较大差别。崖门口水域除无机Ｎ明显超标外，其余要素尚未出现超标现象；该区基础饵料生物较丰富，叶绿素ａ含量为４６３ｍｇ／ｍ３，初级生产力为２４３ｍｇ／ｍ２·ｄ；浮游生物多样性指数、种类组成与生态结构随季节而变化。大鹏湾水域营养盐含量比上述河口区的低，春、秋季基础生物量较高，夏、冬季测值较低；浮游生物种类组成及多样性与上述河口均有一定差别。珠江口外海区的盐度较大，水质也较清澈，基础生物量和种类组成与上述水域存在不同特点。

Based on the data collected,the results show that the nutrient concentrations in the Zhujiang estuary were quite high.The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen,phospnorus and petroleum have exceeded the standard values for the secondary class seawater.Other physicochemical factors,organic matters,basic biomass and population structure vary with the seasons.Annual means of chlorophyll a and primary productivity were 4.02 mg/m 3 and 309 mgC/ 2·d respectively.Plankton was dominated by estuary species.The diversity indexes and evenness values were difference between rainy and dry seasons.Inorganic nitrogen contents in the waters of Yamen mounth were high,chlorophyll a content and primary productivity were 4.63 mg/m 3 and 243 mgC/m 2·d respectively.The diversity indexes,species composition and ecological construction of plankton vary with seasons.The nutrient concentrations in Dapeng Bay were lower than in other tow estuaries,but levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in some stations were higher than the standard levels.Basic biomass were higher in spring and autumn than in summer and winter.Species composition and diversity of plankton were different in the estuaries.Salinity,water quality,basic biomass and species composition in the region near Zhujiang estuary were different in other areas.