姊妹染色单体交换在检测有害环境因素中的应用

Study on sister chromatid exchange in detecting environmental toxic factors

用人外周血淋巴细胞和大麦根尖细胞做姊妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）实验，发现丝裂霉素Ｃ、放线菌酮Ｄ、异烟酰肼及糖精钠能显著提高ＳＣＥ频率，而且诱发细胞的平均ＳＣＥ值在两种材料中有极显著的一致性，表明植物细胞ＳＣＥ在检出环境诱变剂中与人外周血淋巴细胞同样敏感有效。在高浓度介质中植物幼苗生长发育受到抑制，处理的早期可检测到幼苗根尖细胞ＳＣＥ水平的明显升高。环境中的重金属铬和镉即使浓度较低也能通过大麦ＳＣＥ实验检测到。结果表明，大麦根尖细胞ＳＣＥ实验能有效地检测出环境中的有害因素。

Mutagens such as mitomycin C,actinomycin D,iso nicotinyl hydrazide and sodium saccharin increase sister chromatid exchange(SCE)frequency significantly both in human lymphocytes and in Hordeum vulgare.It shows that root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare is similarly sensitive as human lymphocytes in detecting mutagen by SCE test in vitro.The high concentration of medium in which plant couldn't grow normally affects the SCE frequency in root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare Chromium oxide or CdCl 2 could be detected by SCE test even if there is lower dose level. The experimental results show that plant SCE is an effective method in detecting toxic factors in the environment.