策略发展中的“利用性缺陷”及其防止

Utilization Deficiency and Countermeasures in Strategy Development

"利用性缺陷"是儿童策略发展过程中的一种较为普遍的现象。文章从影响学习策略的年龄因素、有限认知资源、策略整合能力与抑制能力等策略使用的认知因素、背景知识、条件化知识等策略使用知识基础因素、主体体验及策略训练因素五大方面,分析了儿童产生策略"利用性缺陷"的原因,在此基础上有针对性地提出了通过指导学生抑制习惯性优势反应,讲授策略使用的条件性知识,给予学生"最近发展区"的任务,注重学生积极的情感体验,重视个体差异等方面防止产生策略"利用性缺陷"的建议。

＂Utilization deficiency＂ is a common phenomenon in children＇ strategy development. This paper analyzes the causes for ＂utilization deficiency＂ from 5 aspects： age, cognitive factors such as limited cognitive resource, strategy conformity and inhibition ability, basic knowledge of strategy use like cognition, background knowledge, and conditional knowledge,.snhject experience and strategy training. The writer, thus, suggests that ＂utilization deficiency＂ be avoided by instructing children to restrain their predominance reaction and the conditions of strategy use, assigning them proper tasks in the ＂zone of proximal development＂ ; and attaching much importance to their emotional experience and individual differences.