从惠山泥人大阿福看民间和谐观

Civilian Harmony Viewpoints Envisioned in Da Afu the Huishan Clay Figurine

大阿福是惠山泥人中最具特色的传统作品,通过分析大阿福的造型特点、民俗意义及用色取材,提出,百姓对和谐的追求和认识本质上是对人自身平安和幸福的追求。寄托于大阿福来驱邪纳祥,祈福消灾,祈求风调雨顺,国泰民安,百姓往往可以在一件民艺造物中寄托对生活的全部希望。民间美术作品中蕴涵的人文精神与和谐观念从早期驱鬼避邪的迷信活动逐渐演变为追求美好生活的愿望,通过民间美术作品的传承,逐渐发展成为符号化的图式或造型,这种良好愿望变成生活方式,受道德约束和规范,成为中国文化中最有生命力的部分。

Da Afu is typical of Huishan clay figurine. By analyzing the sculpture features, cultural meaning, colors and designs, this paper argues that people＇ s pursuit and knowledge of harmony is no other than the search for safety and happiness of themselves. Clay figurines like Da Afu embodied people＇s wishes to escape evils and welcome auspiciousness, to hanker after bountiful harvests, to fancy prosperous nation and peaceful people. Thus, people tended to find hope for life in a clay work. The humane spirit and harmony viewpoints hidden in folk art works evolve gradually into good hope for comfortable life from superstition activities. Thus came the symbolized modes or sculptures. Such good hope turned into living modes restricted by morality, constituting the most animated and powerful part of Chinese culture.