某高校大学生营养状况调查分析

Diagnoses of Nutritional Situation and Scientific Diet for Undergraduates

目的了解大学生营养状况，为大学生提出科学饮食的方法。方法采用问卷法、个别询问等对200例在校大学生进行营养状况调查。结果膳食结构不合理主要表现在食物来源在质和量方面较差，营养素来源以碳水化合物所占比例偏多，其中蛋类、鱼类、奶类、豆类等优质蛋白丰富的食物摄入量明显低于标准供给量（RDA）；男、女生蛋白质、脂肪、钙、维生素B、维生素C和维生素A的摄入明显不足，蛋白质摄入量男、女生分别占RDA的81．1％和71．5％；三大热能营养素比例失衡，男、女生均存在蛋白质占热能比不足（为10．6％），而碳水化合物占热能比偏高的问题（70.3％）；三餐热能比分配不合理，表现为早餐能量摄入偏低，占全日总能量的22％；而晚餐摄入量偏高，占全日总能量的44％。造成部分大学生出现肥胖或慢性营养不良性疾病。结论大学生营养状况较差。应全面增加各种营养素摄入量，努力改善膳食结构，以提高营养水平。

Objective To understand the college students＇ nutritional situation, to suggest the methods of scientific diet for college students. Methods To adopt questionnaire, individual inquire and the like to investigate the nutrient situation for 200 college students. Results Improper diet structure mainly represent at bad quality and quantity in source, the proportion of carbohydrate is higher in source, and the high quality protein ingestion like eggs, fish, milk, legume and so on is absolutely lower than RDA; the ingestion of protein, fat, calcium, vitamin B, C and A is absolutely inadequacy in male and female, the proportion of protein is separately 81.1% and 71.5% for male and female; the three heat energy is unbalance, there is insufficiency in protein for both male and female（10.6%）, and the proportion of carbohydrate is on the high side（70.3%）;the ratio of heat energy for three meals distributed improper, it manifested that the ingestion of energy was lower for breakfast, it was 22% in all; but higher for supper ,it was 44% in all. It resulted in fatness or chronic cacotrophia for college students. Conclusion The nutritional situation of college students was of a sort, it should increase the ingestion of nutrition totally, improve the diet structure and nutritional level.