对法律行为效力的反思

Reflection on the Effectiveness of Legal Acts

传统的民法学说中,法律行为可以分为成立与生效两个阶段,但我国的《合同法》却对合同的效力引入了"有效"的概念。有效就是生效吗?如果不是,有效的概念有无必要上升到法律行为的层面?该文通过对我国《合同法》相关法条的分析,法律行为背后理念的领悟,以及对传统法律行为成立与生效要件的扬弃,对法律行为的效力提出了一个全新的成立——有效——生效的三阶段判断模式。

According to the traditional theory of civil law, a legal act may go through two stages： to come into existence and to take effect. What＇ s worth noticing is that the concept of ＂being valid＂ has been introduced into the PRC Contract Law. Are the concept of ＂taking effect＂ and the concept of ＂being valid＂ of the same meaning？ By analyzing the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of PRC, apprehending the spirit of legal acts and rethinking the necessary requirements for a legal act to come into existence and to take effect respectively, the author suggests a new way to evaluate the effectiveness of legal acts.