论我国浮动抵押制度的实现与完善

Realization and Perfection of Floating Charge in China

浮动抵押是企业以其全部资产包括现在的和将来可以取得的全部资产为债权提供担保, 该设押财产可自由流转经营, 在约定或法定事由发生时, 其价值才能确定的一种抵押, 浮动抵押制度起源于英国衡平法, 后为大陆法系国家所普遍采纳。我国于 2007 年 3 月 16 日通过的《中华人民共和国物权法》也对动产浮动抵押制度进行了界定和规制, 其不仅完善了担保形式、增强了对物的有效利用, 而且提高了抵押人的融资能力。但是,《物权法》中规定的浮动抵押制度仍然存在一些不足, 需要在实施的过程中充分地对浮动抵押权的主体、客体以及抵押权的实现等方面加以完善, 使浮动抵押制度更好地适应我国市场经济发展的需求。

The floating charge is a kind of guarantee upon all the current and future assets, which is freely managed and provided by the enterprises. Only when the event agreed by parties or laws occurs, can the value of the asset he ascertained. This institution originated from equity law of UK, followed by many civil law system countries. The property law, passed on March 16th of 2007, sets the definition and regulation on this institution, perfecting the form of the guarantee, enhancing the efficient use of property and finance ability of the pledge. However, there are still some defects of the institution in the property law, which are in need of improvement for the economic development in terms of subject, object and the realization of the pledge fights.