大灾荒与贸易(1867—1931年)——以天津口岸为中心

Famine and Foreign Trade:Centered on the Port of Tianjin,1867—1931

本文希望着眼于具体的实践过程,关注未曾被表达的实践逻辑,转换分析视角,以天津口岸为中心,选取区域分析为切入点,通过考察区域灾荒与口岸贸易之间的内在关联性,验证区域结构在塑造口岸贸易演变中的重要性,以及开埠之后口岸贸易的本土发展逻辑。文章认为,灾害作为区域结构变动中的主要因素之一,直接影响着贸易结构和趋势的演变。长期以来,关于口岸贸易与区域社会之间的关系,学术界大多强调口岸贸易在塑造区域社会中的重要性,然而通过分析区域灾害与口岸贸易之间的内在关系,可知这种联系并非单向的。灾害作为区域结构变动中的重要因素之一,集中体现了区域社会在塑造口岸贸易演变中的作用力。"冲击—回应"、"帝国主义"、"传统与现代"等分析范式赋予西方如此大的作用力,而对于区域结构的作用力则估计不足,显然有待于进一步深刻反思。

This article seeks to validate the importance of regional structure in molding the evolution of foreign trade, and studies the native developmental logic of foreign trade after the opening of the ports. The author hopes to do this by, on the one hand, focusing on concrete practical processes and drawing attention to practical logics that were not expressed in practices, and, on the other hand, by changing the angle of analysis by selecting a regional analysis centered on Tianjin as a starting point to explore the inherent linkage between regional famine and foreign trade. The article argues that, as one of the main factors affecting changes in the regional structure, disasters directly affected both the evolution of the structure and trends in trade. As for the relationship between foreign trade and regional social disasters, for a long time academics have mainly emphasized the importance of foreign trade in molding regional society. However, analysis of the inherent links between regional disasters and foreign trade shows that these links are not unilateral. As one of the important factors in regional structure, disasters embody an acting force in regional society, and shape the evolution of foreign trade. The analytical frameworks of 'impact-response,' 'imperialism' and 'tradition vs. modernity' acknowledge the West as an acting force, but do not give enough credit to regional structure as an acting force. This obviously needs further re-consideration.