传闻证据规则的功能性分析

A Functional Analysis of Hearsay Rules

要避免制度研究陷入边陲化陷阱,就需要对其作相应的功能性分析。传闻证据规则具有保证证据可信性与被告人质证权的功能,同时还具有维持对抗制诉讼的隐性功能。另外还具有牺牲诉讼效率和放纵罪犯的潜在负功能。在基本层面上,传闻证据规则是基于对抗制诉讼模式与陪审团制度的需求而产生的;在根本层面上,是基于受基督教文化影响的社会控制系统的需求而产生的。发挥传闻证据规则的功能,需要庭前证据开示制度与发达的法律援助制度等保障性条件。从总体上看,我国具有建立传闻证据规则的需求性,但缺乏传闻证据规则功能发挥的保障性条件。而且,在目前制度条件下建立传闻证据规则,可能导致调查取证更加困难。

Functional analysis is required in order to avoid marginal trap. Hearsay rules not only can guarantee the reliability of evidence and defendant＇s confrontation rights, but it also can maintain the adversarial nature of litigation. The side-effects of hearsay rules are litigation cost and crime loose. Basically hearsay rules are the products of adversarial litigation and jury trial, and it is fundamentally the products of society control system which is under great influence of Christianity. Pretiral discovery and legal aid are the preconditions of hearsay rules performance, China＇s current situation has demands of hearsay rules, but we do not have the preconditions for its performance. What＇s more, the construction of hearsay rules system under the current situation will lead to more difficulties at the investigation stage.