国外多媒体教学中学习者认知表征方式的理论

The Theories about the Way of Cognitive Representation of Learners in Multimedia Teaching in Foreign Countries

多媒体教学具有其理想功能,其实现的关键是客观上多元的刺激与学习者主观的表征方式的结合。许多认知表征理论为多媒体教学提供了理论基础和实践指导,多表现在知识的表征系统、表征资源和表征方法等方面。教师在设计和实施多媒体教学时,对于同时加工所需的感官通道的数量、知识的情境性、先前经验、信息的选择问题等方面应做良好的考量和设计。

The advantage of multimedia teaching is to make learners meet with information of many kinds of sense organs, and its core is the change of the way of information presentation, however, the ideal function of multimedia teaching can be realized only when the way of information presentation is combined with the way of knowledge representation of learners. This article is to search the theories of cognitive repre-sentation which offer the theoretical basis and the practical indirection of multimedia teaching and it put emphasis on introducing the explanation on the representative system of knowledge, representative sources and representative methods of these theories. And this article also puts forward that when the teachers design and actualize multimedia teaching, they ought to consider and design such aspects as the quantity of channels of sensory organs that are needed by processing, knowledge context, previous experience and the choice of information, etc.