一种激光位移传感器动态测量列车车轮直径的新方法

A Novel Method for Dynamically Measuring Diameters of Train Wheels Using Laser Displacement Transducers

列车速度的不断提高增大了车轮的磨损,加快了车轮直径的变化,给列车运行带来了安全隐患。提出了一种采用激光动态测量车轮直径的方法,介绍了使用单个激光位移传感器和两个激光位移传感器动态测量车轮直径的工作原理,并对影响测量精度的主要误差因素进行了分析和仿真计算。结果表明,采用两个激光位移传感器的测量方案可有效克服车轮运动过程中定位误差对测量的影响。经过现场测试,研制的激光测量装置的测量精度为±0.38 mm(σ)满足现场要求,实现了列车在正常运行过程中对其直径进行动态在线测量。

With the continuous increase of the rail vehicle＇s speed, the wear of wheel is becoming more and more serious, thus accelerating the changes of wheels＇ diameters, which will certainly bring potential safety hazard to the operation of railway. A new laser dynamic measurement method was put forward, and the principles for measuring diameters by using both one and two laser displacement sensors were introduced. The main factors that influence the accuracy for measuring diameter of wheel were theoretically analyzed and simulated. The results show that adopting two laser sensors can greatly reduce diameter measurement errors caused by the positioning errors when the train moves. A system based on this laser method was built and put into use in a railway site. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of using two laser transducers is ±0.38 mm （σ）, which can meet the needs of site measurements. And the measurement apparatus can be used in the railway site for dynamically measuring the diameters of wheels.