激光热成形工艺中加热位置对板材变形的影响

Effect of Heating Position on Deformation of Plate in Laser Forming

在复杂型面激光热成形工艺规划中,激光需要在板材的不同位置进行加热,加工出所需要的目标形状,而加热位置不同板材的变形不同。为了实现板材不同加热位置加工工艺参数的选择,分别探讨了温度梯度机制和屈曲机制条件下加热位置对板材变形的影响规律。研究结果表明,在温度梯度机制条件下,当加热位置远离自由端时,加热位置对弯曲角的影响不大,当加热位置距自由端较近时,加热位置对弯曲角有较大影响;在屈曲机制条件下,加热位置不仅影响板材的弯曲角,而且影响板材的弯曲方向。因此,在复杂曲面工艺规划中为了更准确地确定加工工艺参数,建立工艺参数与板材弯曲变形基本关系数据库,必须考虑激光加热位置对变形的影响。

To obtain the desirable shape for the complicated curve surface forming, it is necessary to place the laser scanning lines on different positions of metal plate. However, the deformation of plate is different when the heating position varies. In this paper, effect of the heating position on deformation behavior of the plate is discussed under the temperature gradient mechanism and the buckling mechanism in order to optimize the process parameters in industrial applications. The results suggest that under the temperature gradient mechanism the heating position has a little effect on the bending angle of the plate when the laser scanning line is far away from the fixing edge, while the effect of the heating position on the bending angle is great when the laser scanning line is close to the fixing edge. Under the buckling mechanism, the heating position has an effect not only on the bending angle of the plate, but also on the bending direction of the plate. Therefore, to acquire more precise parameters for the complicated curve surface process planning, the effect of the heating position on the deformation must be considered when building the basic relationship database between process parameters and plate deformation.