沈阳市居民近十年膳食结构和健康状况变化分析

THE CHANGES OF DIETARY PATTERN AND HEALTH STATUS OF RESIDENTS IN SHENYANG CITY IN 1984-1994

对沈阳市１９８４～１９９４年居民食物消费，儿童体格发育和某些营养相关慢性疾病死亡率的调查资料进行分析，结果表明，膳食质量明显改善，谷物人年均消费量由１９８４年１４１．０ｋｇ降至１９９４年１２５．２ｋｇ，动物性食物由４０．０ｋｇ增至５９．１ｋｇ。增加幅度较大的是蛋类、牛羊肉、禽肉和鱼类，占总增加额的９５．３％，猪肉增加最少，仅占４．７％。这些食物消费变化反映食物结构调整政策是合理的和有效的。１９９３～１９９４年平均理想膳食模式（ＤＤＰ）评分已达１０３。十年间学生体格发育明显改善，７岁男女学童身高平均增加３．６７ｃｍ和４．４５ｃｍ，体重增加１．０６ｋｇ和３．２３ｋｇ。１２岁儿童的身高和体重增加值大于７岁儿童。因此，１２岁即初中入学时儿童的生长率作为营养监测的指标更为敏感。但某些疾病如糖尿病、冠心病和脑卒中死亡率分别增加了１３１．０％、９０．３％和２５．４％。这可能与脂肪所提供能量占总食物能量比例逐年增加有关。脂肪消费量的迅速增加应引起重视。解决居民膳食中钙严重不足（５４．３％ＲＤＡ），谷物钙强化可能是有效的和可行的途径。

Food consumption data,physical development of children and mortality of some chronic diseases had been collected and analyzed in Shenyang city during 1984—1994. The results showed that the dietary quality improved markedly.The cereals consumption reduced from 141.0 kg in 1984 to 125.2 kg in 1994,animal food increased from 40.0 kg to 591kg per person per year.Eggs,beef,mutton,poultry and fish accounted for 95.3% of the total increase,pork only for 4.7%.All these alteration indicated the adjusted policy of food structure is reasonable and effective.The Desirable Dietary Pattern Score averaged 103 in 1993 and 1994. Due to the change of dietary pattern,the physical development of body weight increased 1.06kg and 3.23kg respectively for boys and girls of 7 years of age.Increase in body weight and height of 12 years old children were more significant than that of the 7 years ones.Therefore,growth rate of children of 12 years of age may be a better indicator for nutrition surveillance. However the mortalities of diabetes millitus,coronary heart diseases and stroke increased by 131%,90.3% and 25.4% respectively.It might be related to the increase of the dietary fat which accounted for 24.5% of total energy in 1984,30.6% in 1994.More attention should be paid to this increase. In order to solve the serious deficiency of calcium(only 54% of the RDA),calcium fortification of cereal products may be a feasible and effective way which deserve recommendation.