尼泊尔民主运动与王权政治的衰落

Nepal's Democratic Movements and the Decline of Its Monarchy

尼泊尔曾发生多次民主运动,1950年的民主运动将被拉纳家族边缘化的沙阿王朝扶上权力巅峰,1989年的民主运动又将王权重新边缘化。2001年宫廷惨案后上台的贾南德拉国王,两度解散民选政府,实行亲政。他的铁腕军法统治,促成了各大政党和反政府武装尼共(毛派)的合作,加速了沙阿王朝君主体制的覆亡。2008年5月召开的制宪会议宣布尼泊尔为共和国并废除王权,沙阿王朝灭亡了。

There have been various democratic movements in Nepal. The democratic movement in the 1950s raised the Shah Dynasty, which had been marginalized by Rana regime, to the peak of power, while that in 1989 re-marginalized the monarchy. King Gyanendra who came to power after the court massacre in 2001, twice dismissed elected governments and started his personal rule. His iron militaristic ride fostered the cooperation between the major parties and the anti-government Maoists. The democratic movements weakened the foundations of the monarchy and hastened the collapse of the Shah Dynasty. The constitutional assembly held in on May 28, 2008 declared Nepal as a Republic and indeed abolished the monarchy.