隧道火灾安全疏散模拟

Simulation of safety evacuation in tunnel fire

隧道的消防设计应以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标。为此开发了隧道火灾时的人员疏散计算机模型Tunev,该模型能计算隧道内不同火灾场景下人员疏散所需时间;与计算危险来临时间的火灾数值模拟软件FDS相结合,经两种时间的对比,可判断人员疏散的安全性,并进行疏散过程的动态演示。该模型包含了简单的火灾时人员行为数据库和隧道防火结构参数,通过定性和定量的分析计算,能发现消防设计中的不足,为人员疏散方案提供参考依据。此外,该模型还可作为辅助的消防演习工具。阐述了模型的有关概念,并对雪峰山隧道工程实例进行了疏散模拟,最后简述了Tunev模型的验证和应用。

The tunnel fire design should firstly ensure the people＇s life safety. Therefore the occupant evacuation mode-Tunev （ tunnel evacuation） was developed. The model can predict the total evacuation time of various cases in tunnel. In combination with fire simulation software FDS which is used for predicting the fire dangerous approach time, the people＇s evacuation safety can be estimated through comparing the two kinds of time, the evacuation process also have a dynamic demonstration. The model contains simple database of the people＇s behavior under fire and structure parameters of tunnel fireproofing. The simulation results can find out the deficiency of fire design and provide a reference to people＇s evacuation scheme. Moreover, the model can also work as an adjutant tool of fireproofing exercises. The article describes some relevant concepts of the model in detail and an evacuation simulation of an project example --Xuefeng Tunnel was given out by using this model. Finally the model, s validation and actual application was described briefly.