珠江三角洲地下水有机氯农药分布特征的初探

Elementary Research of Organochlorine Pesticide in Groundwater of Pearl River Delta

为了解珠江三角洲地区地下水中的有机氯农药的分布情况,在珠江三角洲地区采集了10组地下水样用气相色谱法进行测试分析。结果显示,珠江三角洲地区地下水环境中的有机氯农药种类较多,且分布比较广泛,但含量普遍较低。总体以HCHs类污染范围相对最广,其他有机氯农药类次之(文中除HCHs和DDTs之外的有机氯农药),DDTs类最小,其他有机氯农药类含量最高,HCHs类含量次之,DDTs类含量最低。另外,对比苏锡常地区和1995年时孟加拉国地下水环境的有机氯农药的污染程度,表明较早停止有机氯农药使用是导致珠江三角洲地区地下水环境中有机氯农药含量低的重要因素之一。总之,珠江三角洲地区地下水环境中的有机氯农药污染程度较轻,但考虑到有机氯农药的难降解性和毒性在生物体内的逐步累积放大性,须对今后有机氯农药的污染趋势加以重视,对污染严重的地区要加以治理、防护。

In order to find out the distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in groundwater in the Pearl River Delta, 10 groups of groundwater samples from the Pearl River Delta region were tested with gas chromatography. The result shows there are varieties of organochlorine pesticides existing and widely distributing in groundwater of the Pearl River Delta Region, but their concentration is generally low. On the whole, as far as distribution range is concerned, pollutants of HCHs kind are the widest, next are other pollutants（pollutants other than HCHs and DDTs in this paper）, pollutants of DDTs kind are the smallest. As far as concentration is concerned, other pollutants are the highest, next is HCHs kind, DDTs kind is the lowest. In addition, by comparing organochlorine pesticides in groundwater of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou to that of Bangladesh in 1995, the conclusion is achieved：an early ban of organochlorine pesticides is one of the important factors leading to the low concentration of organochlorine pesticides in groundwater of the Pearl River Delta region. Altogether, although organochlorine pesticides pollution is not severe in groundwater in Pearl River Delta region, given organochlorine pollutants＇ difficult degradation and that its harm could be magnified by gradual accumulation in organism, attention must be paid to pollution trend of organochlorine pesticides, the area severely polluted must be protected and managed