重金属铅在刺参组织的蓄积、分配、排放规律研究

Accumulation, Distribution and Excretion of Lead in the Tissues of Apostichopus Japonicus Liao

采用暴露实验方法,研究了海水中铅在刺参内脏、纵肌、体壁组织内吸收、积累和排放规律。结果表明,铅浓度为0.5mg·L-1时,在不投喂的情况下,各组织中铅蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第12d达到吸收平衡,此时铅蓄积量(mg·kg-1干重)为内脏(162.76)>纵肌(138.61)>体壁(71.14)。蓄积速率为内脏团>纵肌>体壁,这表明内脏是铅蓄积的主要部位。染毒18d后将刺参分为两组均移入清洁海水中,分别在投喂普通饵料和投喂添加海藻多糖的普通饵料的条件下,进行排放实验,结果表明,随排放时间增加各组织铅蓄积量明显下降,第24d时各组织中铅大部分排出。未添加多糖一组排放率为纵肌(59.12%)>内脏团(52.02%)>体壁(47.86%),添加多糖组各组织铅排放率要高于未添加多糖组,为内脏团(80.29%)>纵肌(67.85%)>体壁(51.41%)。表明,受铅污染的刺参在清洁海水暂养一段时间后,各组织器官均能排放出一部分重金属,其中可食用部分体壁可排出大约50%,饵料中添加海藻多糖对重金属铅的排放有明显促进作用。

With exposure experiment, this paper studied the accumulation and elimination of lead （Pb）in the viscera, longitudinal muscle bands and body wall ofApostichopus japonicus Liao. It was demonstrated that when the lead concentration was 0.5 mg·L^-1, each tissue＇ s lead accumulation increased with the elapse of time, on the 12th day the tissues＇ lead accumulations reached equilibrium. At that time, the accumulation of lead in the tissues were in the sequences of viscera （ 162.76 mg·kg^-1） 〉longitudinal muscle bands （ 138.61 mg·kg^-1） 〉body wall （71.14 mg·kg^-1）. Uptake rates were in the sequences of viscera〉 longitudinal muscle bands〉 body wall, which meant that viscera was the main target for Pb accumulation. Then, remaining animals were transferred to clean seawater for the elimination phase of 24 days. These animals mentioned above were divided into two groups. One group was fed with common diet, the other group was fed with common diet adding amylase. It was demonstrated that the Pb accumulations in the tissues decreased with the elapse of time. On the 24th day after moving, the Pb eliminations were nearly at the end. The elimination rates of the group adding amylase in the common diet were in the sequences of viscera （80.29%）〉 longitudinal muscle bands（67.85% ）〉 viscera（51.41% ）, and they were greater than the other group. It was suggested that adding amylose in the common die could accelerate the elimination rates of lead in the tissues ofApostichopus japonicus Liao.