扣蟹有机水产养殖环境评价研究

Environment Assessment of Organic Larval Crab Aquaculture

养殖环境的优劣是能否进行有机水产养殖的先决条件。2004年5月—11月以宋庄扣蟹养殖基地为例,对基地的水环境、底质环境及扣蟹品质进行了环境质量现状评价,并将有机养殖对养殖水环境和养殖品质的影响与常规养殖进行了比较。结果表明,养殖基地水质、底质环境符合《有机蟹产地环境要求》(DB32/T609.1—2003);生产的有机扣蟹体内重金属和药物残留均符合《有机蟹卫生质量要求》(DB32/T609.3—2003)标准;有机养殖污染物排放量小于常规养殖,有机扣蟹品质优于常规扣蟹。

Twenty pond water and nine pond deposit quality variables as well as the larval Crab quality were measured at intervals in organic and conventional larval Crab ponds during the production cycle （May - November 2004） located within Songzhuang larval Crab Farming Site, Lianyungang City of Jiangsu Province. These variables were pH, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, volatile phenol, sulphide, total cyanide, fluoride, petroleum fuel, dimethoate, malathion, parathionmethyl, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, total coliforms, color and smell for measuring water quality; Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT for pond deposit; and As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, fluorine, nitrite, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, osytetracyclinym, abricycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, furazolidone, diethystilbestrolum, paralytic shellfish poison （PSP）, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning （DSP） as well as protein and total necessary amino acid contents for the larval Crab quality. The results showed that the aquafarm water quality and pond deposit quality were in compliance with the requirements of ＂Environment Standard of Organic Crab Production Site＂（DB32/T 609.1-2003）. Heavy metal content and pesticide residue in the farmed organic larval crab were coincided with ＂Sanitation Quality Standard of Organic Crab＂（DB32/T609.3-2003）. For protein and total necessary amino acid contents, the organic group was 55.43% and 48.07%, and the conventional group was 46.55% and 40.64% respectively.The discharge of chemical oxygen demand （COD, 13.8 kg）, inorganic nitrogen （0.34 kg）, inorganic phosphorus （0.26 kg） and sulphide （0.029 kg） from the organic ponds were lower than those from the conventional counterparts （15.0,0.48,0.29 and 0.052 kg, respectively）.