日粮中鱼粉添加量对鲤鱼种生长、生物学性状及血清生化指标的影响

Effect of dietary fishmeal amount on growth performance,biological characteristics,and serum biochemical parameters in common carp Cypinus carpio

【目的】评估日粮中鱼粉添加量对鲤鱼种生长、生物学性状及血清生化指标的影响，为开发鲤鱼种无鱼粉13粮配方提供依据。【方法】将540尾鲤鱼种（平均体重（105．36±1．05）g）以45尾／箱的密度随机投放于12个池塘网箱中，饲以鱼粉添加量不同（分别为90，60，30和0g／kg）、而消化能、粗蛋白、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平相同的4种试验饲料90d。饲养试验进行中，分别于30和60d进行中间体测，试验结束后，进行相关成分的测定和分析。【结果】在饲养0～30和30-60d，日粮中鱼粉添加量对试验鱼的体重无显著影响，而试验结束时（90d）未重以90g／kg鱼粉组最高（P〈0.05），尾增重率、生物学综合评定值也以该组为最好，饲料系数与其他3组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）；成活率、肥满度、肌肉比率、内脏指数、肝胰脏指数、鲜肉含水率，及风干肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量和血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇、总甘油三酯含量在各处理组间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；90g／kg鱼粉组鲤鱼的肠体比显著低于其他3组（P〈0.05）。血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和血糖含量以无鱼粉组最高。【结论】本试验所开发的低鱼粉日粮（鱼粉添加量为60和30g／kg）可在短期内替代高鱼粉日粮，且不会对鲤鱼种的肉质、血清生化指标及健康状况产生不良影响，而无鱼粉日粮对鲤鱼种的肝胰脏及肾脏的功能可能有潜在的负面作用。

[Objective] The study evaluated the effects of different dietary fishmeal amounts on the growth performance, biological characteristics, body composition and serum biochemical parameters in common carp（Cypinus carpio）. [Method] Four kinds of isonitrogenous （350 g/kg protein） and isoengertic （13.0 MJ/kg） diets with the fishmeal amount at four levels （90,60,30,and 0 g/kg respectively ） were formulated and produced and then used to feed 540 common carp （average weight （105.36±1.05） g） reared in 12 net cages（45 L-1 ,1 m× 1 m× 1 m） settled in a fish-rearing pond. [Result] The results indicated that final body weight and weight gain were significantly higher in treatment Ⅰ （dietary fishmeal amount at 90 g/kg ）,and showed the same level of survival ratio, feed conversion ratio, condition factor, muscle ratio,hepatosomatic index（HSI） and viscerosomatic index （VSI） compared with those of treatment Ⅱ-Ⅳ （dietary fishmeal amount of 60,30 and 0 g/kg respectively）. However, intestines ratio was the lowest in treatment Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. In body composition,no difference in moisture of fresh muscle,crude protein,crude lipid, and crude ash of air-dried muscle were observed. There were also no significant difference in serum total protein （TP） ,albumin （ALB）, urea nitrogen （BUN）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglycerides （TG） contents among the treatments,but the levels of serum glucose （GLU）,alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） of carp fed with the non-fishmeal diet were significantly different （P〈0.05） from the experimental fish of treatment Ⅰ, implying that the function of liver and kidney might be impaired. [Conclusion] The present study suggested that the dietary fishmeal amount at 90 g/kg enhanced the growth performance during a long term feeding period,while there was no significant difference among low fishmeal and non-fishmeal treatments. And carp seemd to have the ability to adjust the intestine devel- opment to adapt to the unpleasant dietary component. It could be concluded that a short-term feeding with low fishmeal contained diet will not cause the severe growth,survival and health problems of juvenile carp but the non-fishmeal diet might do.