《诗经》宾语前置句的考察

An Investigation of the Object-fronting Lines in The Book of Songs

考察《诗经》,其宾语前置类型与散文基本一致,只是有些宾语前置的类别出现频率要大大高于散文,这既有时代的因素,也有诗歌韵律的因素。《诗经》中宾语前置与韵律的关系分为两种情况:一种是受语法条件制约、诗人不能随意改变的,如部分代词宾语前置;一种是诗人刻意改变的,如名词宾语前置。诗人在句子安排上,总是尽可能地将宾语前置句安排在韵脚所在的位置。历来有关"鲁侯是若"、"万民是若"被歧解的原因在于,它们都可以描写为"名+是+动";而该句式是一个多义格式。在《诗经》中符合"名+是+动"句式的诗句脱离了语境(或语境不明),都可能有歧解。

An investigation of The Book of Songs shows that its categories of object fronting basically agree with those in prose.The relationship between object fronting and rhyme presents us two categories： the first category was determined by grammatical conditions which allowed no variation on the part of the poet,such as the fronting of some object pronouns but the second depended upon the poet＇s deliberate variation,such as the fronting of noun object.As a result,when the poet was organizing his lines,he tried his best to make an object-fronting line occur at the rhymical foot.In The Book of Songs,those lines which fell into the ＂noun＋BE＋verb＂ pattern might be deformed because they departed from the context.