基于节水理念的工业水资源价格模型

The Price Model of Industrial Water Resources based on Water-Saving Notions

我国现行的工业水资源价格还处于较低水平,未能真正全面体现工业水资源的价值,使价格作为市场经济杠杆调节供求平衡与有效配置资源的作用受到削弱。本文基于工业水资源经济学分析和水资源价值理论,提出了工业水资源价格制定的4条基本原则:体现工业水资源价值原则;体现激励性、差异性和公平性原则;体现环境因素原则;体现社会承受能力原则。在此基础上,以节水理念为视角,产权为核心,社会保障机制为基础,综合考虑了水资源的价值属性和企业排污的环境影响等因素,构筑了工业水资源价格模型,其特征表现为:①具有时空效应和合理性;②形成较为有效的节水激励机制;③形成生态环保型工业水资源价格系统。最后,以上海市纺织行业为例,对该模型进行应用分析。实证案例表明,构建的工业水资源价格模型既能体现工业水资源价值属性,为工业水资源的高效利用与最优配置提供了价格信号;又能增强企业的节水观念和水环境保护意识,限制企业的用水、排污行为。

Nowadays, the value of industrial water resources is still underrated in China and cannot reflect its real value during the development of society due to the relatively lower price. As a result, the basic role of the price, which serves as the economic lever balancing the market supply and demand of resources, will be weakened in the allocation of industrial water resources. To solve such problems, the basic fundamentals of the price determination of industrial water resources are put forwards in this paper based on the economics analysis and the theory of axiology. The fundamentals mainly include the following aspects： Resources value of industrial water should be emphasized; Prompting, distinction and equity should be marked; Environmental factors and social endure ability should be taken into account. According to the basic fundamentals, the price model of industrial water resources aiming at water saving is established based on the ideology of water saving, the property right and the mechanism of social security. The model also considers many other factors, such as the value of water property and the negative environmental impacts produced by the industrial water sewage. The price model in this paper has some special merits： 1 ）The shadow price method is employed to indicate the scarcity of water resources, which makes the model more rational and flexible space-timely; 2）The factors of water saving are emphasized in the model, which can promote the behavior of water saving; 3 ）The factors of environment are taken into account in the model, which can help to build up the ecological price system of industrial water resources that is beneficial to the environmental protection. Meanwhile, the model is managed to use in the determination of water resource price of Textile Industry in shanghai. The results show the price model of industrial water resources can reasonably reflect the value of water resources itself. The model can also promote high-efficiency utility and optimal allocation of industrial water resources, and can help to build up the consciousness of water conservation and environmental protection among enterprises which may limit water utilization and discharge of the enterprises.