西藏自然资源产业化开发战略探讨

Strategy for the Industrialized Development of Natural Resources in Tibet

西藏生物资源、矿产资源和能源资源都十分丰富。其中野生动物约6400余种，药用植物1000多种；境内查明的矿种有101种，矿产地2000余处；水能资源天然蕴藏量约为2×10^8kW，地热发电潜力80×10^4kW，太阳年平均辐射达（3300～4800）MJ／m2。本文通过对西藏的优势自然资源的分析，提出资源产业的发展要打破自给自足的自然经济格局，把具有中长期的国内和国际市场潜力作为选择产业产品的基本条件。优势资源的产业化开发要注重市场、技术以及生态环境的结合，以市场需求为导向，发展能源、藏药、农牧和矿产等特色产业；以产业化技术研究、引进和创新为突破，进行产业化转化技术适用性、创新性研究；以集约化经营为目标，提高整体行业的生产力和竞争力；坚持资源产业化与生态环境保护相结合，促进资源消耗性经济发展模式向技术导向型模式转变；坚持政府主导发展战略，优化投资环境。

Diversity of biological resources, mineral resources and energy resources are plentiful in Tibet. Up to now, about 6 400 species of wild animals as well as 1 000 species of wild plants were discovered, and 101 kinds of minerals as well as more than 2 000 mineral locations were found, also, there are more than 2 × 10^8 kW for hydropower potential, and 800 MW for geothermal resources, and the average annual solar radiation in this region ranges （0.59- 1.67）MJ/cm2. Because of the natural economic, most of the natural resources were not exploited enough. Along with globalization, development of technology and economy, the market of resource products would be faced with great challenge, such as the competition of home market and international market. In Tibet, development of society and economy will depend on the exploitation of natural resources, especially the special resources, but there will be some problems accompanied with this process, such as how to deal with the relationship between development and environment protect, and how to transform resources advantage into economic advantage？ It is no doubt that industrialization is the best choice, so that it is very important to intensifyresearch on the development of natural resources, especially on their industrialization strategies. This study puts forward some strategies for Tibet based on the detailed analysis of the advantaged natural resources ： 1 ） Develop special industries according to demand; including energy, tibetan medicine, agriculture, mineral and so on ; 2） Focus on research, indraught and innovation of industrialization technology, intensify research on the applicability base on the technological status in Tibet; 3） Aim at intensive management, so that it is likely to enhance the competitive ability; 4） Combine resources industrialization with environment protect, transform the economic development model form resources consumption oriented model into technology oriented model; 5） Insist on government-led development strategy, and improve the investment environment.