IgG4-related sclerosing disease

Based on histological and immunohistochemical exami-nation of various organs of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), a novel clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been proposed. This is a systemic disease that is characterized by ex-tensive IgG4-positive plasma cells and T-lymphocyte inf iltration of various organs. Clinical manifestations are apparent in the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, sali-vary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, and pros-tate, in which tissue fi brosis with obliterative phlebitis is pathologically induced. AIP is not simply pancreatitis but, in fact, is a pancreatic disease indicative of IgG4-related sclerosing diseases. This disease includes AIP, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, sialadenitis, retro-peritoneal fi brosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, intersti-tial pneumonia, prostatitis, inflammatory pseudotumor and lymphadenopathy, all IgG4-related. Most IgG4-related sclerosing diseases have been found to be as-sociated with AIP, but also those without pancreatic involvement have been reported. In some cases, only one or two organs are clinically involved, while in oth-ers, three or four organs are affected. The disease occurs predominantly in older men and responds well to steroid therapy. Serum IgG4 levels and immunos-taining with anti-IgG4 antibody are useful in making the diagnosis. Since malignant tumors are frequently suspected on initial presentation, IgG4-related scleros-ing disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Based on histological and immunohistochemical exami- nation of various organs of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis （AIP）, a novel clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been proposed. This is a systemic disease that is characterized by extensive IgG4-positive plasma cells and T-lymphocyte infiltration of various organs. Clinical manifestations are apparent in the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, and prosrate, in which tissue fibrosis with obliterative phlebitis is pathologically induced. AlP is not simply pancreatitis but, in fact, is a pancreatic disease indicative of IgG4- related sclerosing diseases. This disease includes AlP, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, sialadenitis, retro-peritoneal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, interstitial pneumonia, prostatitis, inflammatory pseudotumor and lymphadenopathy, all IgG4-related. Most IgG4-related sclerosing diseases have been found to be associated with AlP, but also those without pancreatic involvement have been reported. In some cases, only one or two organs are clinically involved, while in others, three or four organs are affected. The disease occurs predominantly in older men and responds well to steroid therapy. Serum IgG4 levels and immunos-taining with anti-IgG4 antibody are useful in making the diagnosis. Since malignant tumors are frequently suspected on initial presentation, IgG4-related sclerosing disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery.