标准与汉语词汇语义单位的词典释义

Norm and Lexicographical Definition of Chinese Lexeme

标准是具有参照地位或功能的一般性特征、事物或事态。标准与偏离标准总是相对而言的,两者构成对立统一、互相依存的关系。在语言系统中,标准属于语义范畴,是语言单位的意义成分。本文结合学界已有的研究成果,提出自己对标准概念的看法,把标准划分为具有属种关系的概念层次体系。在此基础上,参照莫斯科语义学派的元语言释义方法,尝试改进现代汉语详解词典的一些词语释义方法。

Norm refers to the general qualities, objects or state of affairs with the status or function of landmark. Norm is always talked about in contrast with the deviation from the norm. They are mutually dependent and inseparable. In any language system, it be- longs to semantic categories as semantic component of a linguistic unit. Critically assimilating the research achievements of prede- cessors, this article puts forward the personal view of the author, in which the norms are summarized as a hierarchical hyponymy system. On this basis, we try to make some improvements in the lexical definition of contemporary Chinese explanatory dictionaries, following the semantic metalanguage definition of lexeme, developed by Moscow Semantic School （MSS）.