国家话语与中国妇女解放的话语生产机制

State Discourse and the Creation Mechanism of Chinese Women's Liberation Discourse

女性话语能够在何种程度上确立自己相对独立的地位,并将女性的立场、权利诉求渗入国家话语,既取决于女性群体的自觉程度,也取决于国家话语在何种程度上整合了包括妇女在内的社会各群体的利益诉求。在中国近现代的特殊历史境遇中,国家话语相对于妇女解放话语,不仅具有逻辑上的优先性,而且具有压倒性的历史优先性。因而,国家话语支配、塑造妇女解放话语必然成为近现代中国妇女解放话语体系生产机制的本质规定。这一规定既促进了中国妇女解放实践的超前性发展,也造成了女性主体意识被长期遮蔽,以及妇女"被国家解放"等问题。反思中国妇女解放的话语生产机制,必须在承认这种现象的历史合理性的基础上,立足于提升女性的主体意识,张扬女性的话语权,通过各种方式将性别话语渗入国家话语,逐步弱化国家话语的男性话语霸权秩序。

To what extent women＇s discourse can establish its relatively independent status and incorporate women＇s standpoint and rights into the state discourse depends both on the consciousness of women groups and on the degree to which the state discourse integrates the different interests of social groups including women. In the particular circumstances of modern Chinese history, the state discourse took priority over women＇s discourse in terms of logic and history. Therefore, the state discourse that governed and shaped women＇s discourse would inevitably determine the essential mechanism in which Chinese women＇s liberation discourse was created or produced in the said modern history. This historical determination not only made China＇s women＇s liberation develop ahead of the time but the subjective consciousness of Chinese women be obscured for a long time, while creating the problem of Chinese women ＂ being liberalized by the state＂. Reflecting upon the mechanism of Chinese women＇s liberation discourse creation/production, this paper argues that we must, while acknowledging the historical reasonableness of this mechanism, raise the subjective consciousness of women as the basis so as to uphold their right to discourse. Furthermore, through various means, we must incorporate gender discourse into the state discourse, gradually weakening the dominance of men＇s discourse in the state discourse.