昆明市50岁及以上人群盲的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic study of blindness in population aged 50 and above of Kunming city

目的了解昆明市50岁及以上人群盲和视力损伤的患病率和主要原因。方法2006年4～8月在昆明市进行流行病学调查,采用多阶段抽样法抽取50岁及以上2760人,进行视力及眼部检查。根据小孔视力和WHO视力损伤标准(标准A)和日常生活视力标准(标准B)计算盲的患病率。结果2588人接受检查(受检率为93.76%)。盲患病率分别为3.17%(标准A)和3.67%(标准B)。盲的主要原因分别为白内障(63.15%)、角膜病(14.74%)、青光眼(7.37%)。结论昆明市50岁及以上人群盲患病率相对较高,首位的致盲原因为白内障。

Objective This survey was to determine the prevalence and main causes of blindness and visual impairment in population ≥50 years in Kunming city,Yunnan province. Methods An epidemiologic study was curried out in Kunming from April to August,2006. Multi-stage sampling was applied to select randomly 2 760 subjects ≥50 years. All the individuals received visual acuity and ophthalmic examinations. The prevalence of blindness was calculated using two criteritions. Standard A was pinhole visual acuity and WHO definition,and the standard B presented with the visual acuity and visual impaired standard. Results 2 588 subjects aged 50 and above were examined with the response rate 93.76%. The prevalence of blindness based on Standard A was 3. 17% （ 95% CI ： 2.35% - 3.99% ） and the prevalence blindness based on the Standard B was 3.67% （ 95% CI ： 2.76% - 4.58% ）. The main causes of blindness included cataract （63. 15% ） , corneal disease （ 14.74% ） and glaucoma （7.37%） with the rate of preventable blindness and preventable visual impairment 84.21% and 88.31% , respectively. The good coincide result was seen in visual outcome （ Kappa = 0. 95 ） and cause （ Kappa = 0. 96） between two survey teams. Conclusion The prevalence of blindness in the population ≥50 years in Kunming city is relatively high and the leading cause of blindness is cataract.