空调旅客列车空气质量影响因素调查研究

Investigation on Air Quality and the Influence Factors in Air-Conditioning Passenger Train

[目的]通过空调列车车厢内空气质量调查,了解影响因素,为技术改造提供卫生学依据。[方法]采用列车运行全程监测方式,分别在夏冬季对车厢的微小气候和空气质量进行连续监测,项目包括温度、相对湿度、风速、二氧化碳(CO_2)、一氧化碳(CO)、空气细菌和真菌总数,空调管道中积尘样品在列车终到时采样。[结果]车厢内温度、相对湿度、风速和CO指标均符合标准,CO_2超标率73.0%。餐车真菌指标较其他车厢高。空气质量指标夏季优于冬季,微生物指标冬季优于夏季。随着客流量增加,相对湿度、CO、CO_2和细菌总数也相应升高。[结论]空调列车空气质量影响因素复杂,不同季节、车型及客流量等因素都会对列车空气质量产生影响。

[Objective] To investigate air quality and the influence factors in air-conditioning compartment to provide hygienic basis for technical improvement. [Method] Microclimate and air quality of air-conditioning compartment were detected with global detection method during the whole course of train running in spring and winter respectively, including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide（CO2 ）, carbon monoxide（CO）, total counts of air bacterium and fungus, dust samples in the pipes after the train arrival. [Results] The temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and CO were all accord with sanitation standards. But CO2 exceed rate was 73.0%. The fungus in dining compartment was higher than the others. The air quality in summer was better than in winter, and the microbe in winter was better than in summer. The relative humidity, CO, CO2 and total number of bacteria increased with passenger increasing. [Conclusion] The influence factors of air quality in air-conditioning passenger train are complicated, and related to different seasons, train types and passenger numbers.